Permafrost

Permafrost is a layer of soil, rock, or sediment that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years. It is found mainly in Arctic regions like Siberia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, as well as in some high-mountain environments. Permafrost contains frozen water and often traps large amounts of organic carbon from dead plants and animals. When it thaws due to rising temperatures, it can release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, contributing to climate change.